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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi [ c ] 2 October — 30 January [ 2 ] was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.

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He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal GujaratGandhi trained in the law at the Inner Temple in London and was called to the bar at the age of After two uncertain years in India, where he was unable to start a successful law practice, Gandhi moved to South Africa in to represent an Indian merchant in a lawsuit.

He went on to live in South Africa for 21 years. Here, Gandhi raised a family and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. Inaged 45, he returned to India and soon set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against discrimination and excessive land tax.

Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress inGandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchabilityand, above all, achieving swaraj or self-rule.